The Ping Command
Using the ping command is an effective way to test connectivity. The test is often referred to as testing the protocol stack, because the ping command moves from Layer 3 of the OSI model to Layer 2 and then Layer 1. Ping uses the ICMP protocol to check for connectivity.
IOS Ping Indicators
A ping from the IOS will yield to one of several indications for each ICMP echo that was sent. The most common indicators are: