Hierarchical Internetworking Model

Cisco has defined a hierarchical model known as the hierarchical internetworking model. This model simplifies the task of building a reliable, scalable, and less expensive hierarchical internetwork because rather than focusing on packet construction, it focuses on the three functional areas, or layers, of your network:

Core layer: This layer is considered the backbone of the network and includes the high-end switches and high-speed cables such as fiber cables. This layer of the network does not route traffic at the LAN. In addition, no packet manipulation is done by devices in this layer. Rather, this layer is concerned with speed and ensures reliable delivery of packets.

Distribution layer: This layer includes LAN-based routers and layer 3 switches. This layer ensures that packets are properly routed between subnets and VLANs in your enterprise. This layer is also called the Workgroup layer.

Transfer Files and solve PC problems remotely

Remotely accessing a PC sounds complicated but free software TeamViewer makes it safe and easy. It’s especially useful if someone miles away needs PC support, or if you want to transfer files or large photos without having to email, zipfiles or share online. The software can be run straight from the download without having to be installed.

Here are the requirement and simple procedure to connect to remote computer using Teamviewer

• Both computers must have TeamViewer installed or running.
• Each PC gets a unique ID and password

How to Discover Existing Cisco Network / Topology

To discover an existing network, you can connect a computer to any switch/router as a starting point and begin to "walk" the topology. Cisco devices periodically send information about themselves to any neighboring devices. This is done with the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). 

CDP is a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol that is media- and protocol-independent, and runs on all Cisco-manufactured equipment that includes:

• routers
  
• bridges
  
• access servers
  
• switches 

A Cisco device enabled with CDP sends out periodic interface updates to a multicast address in order to make itself known to neighbors. Since it is a layer two protocol, these packets (frames) are not routed.

How do You know that you are prepared for Cisco Exam

This Question was Asked by someone and also this can be in the mind of others so I thought to share my tricks that how i Evaluated my self before taking the exam.
 
I want to share my tricks to evaluate myself whether i was prepared for CCNA or any exam of CCNP is that study and practiced hard according to syllabus of exams, when u feel u have completed studies and revisions then refer Dumps, don't see the answers and answer all questions with your knowledge, though question are much more than in the real exams. but

World IPv6 Day

Several of the Internet's most popular Web sites - including Facebook, Google and Yahoo - have agreed to participate in the first global-scale trial of IPv6, the long-anticipated upgrade to the Internet's main communications protocol known as IPv4.

FOR BACKGROUND:
The trial — dubbed "World IPv6 Day" — requires participants to support native IPv6 traffic on their main Web sites on June 8, 2011. Leading content delivery networks Akamai and Limelight Networks also committed to the IPv6 trial, which is being sponsored by the Internet Society.

IPv6 is a necessary upgrade because the Internet is running out of IP addresses using the 30-year-old IPv4 standard.

How I Passed CCNA

Simple Recipe to pass CCNA Exam

Some tips for those those who are self starter and are starting their journey for Cisco Certifications.
If peoples are joining any academy for the preparations of CCNA then all of their queries are answered by Instructors but for those who are self starter here is the recipe to pass CCNA Exam.

In my point of view CCNA Passing Recipe is comprised of only three things

1. Only One book is enough to pass CCNA (find the Details here)

Brief Intro to IETF

The IETF is responsible for many of the underlying standards that make the Internet work, including the Internet Protocol (IP) for data transfer, Domain Name System (DNS) for matching domain names with IP addresses, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for sending e-mail, and Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) for traffic engineering.



BACKGROUND: 
Over the years, the IETF has published more than 4,500 documents that describe standards for the Internet's fundamental technologies, and these documents are referenced by network operators on a daily basis.

Find Text Quicker in Firefox

Find text quicker You can press Ctrl+F to open the Find box on most programs if you want to search a page or document for a particular word or phrase.
But you can do this even quicker in Firefox (for those who don't know about Firefox, it is a free Web browser like Internet Explorer) by just pressing the forward-slash key ‘/’.
The cursor will automatically go into a Quick Find box, so you just start typing the word and the cursor will find the first instance of that word on the page and automatically jump to it.
You can use this for links, too. Search for a word and, if it is within a link, press Enter and the link will open in a new tab.

Adding Personal Folders in MS Outlook

It is often get told that my Outlook 2007 mailbox is over its size limit but I don’t like deleting loads of emails in one go, in case I delete something I need.

There is an option in MS Outlook of creating Personal Folder to store important emails and clear space but most of the Outlook Users even don't know about it or they don't know how to set it.

Here is how to set Personal Folder in Outlook

How is Secure your Password

How Secure Is your password?
Have you ever tried to consider whether your password is Secure or Not?

There are usually two kinds of passwords: those that you don’t care about and those that really, really need to be secure. but how can you tell whether the password that protects your life savings is strong enough to repel a serious hacker?

HyperTerminal in Windows Vista / Windows 7 for Console Connection with Router/Switch

Hyper Terminal is a program that you can use to connect to other computers, Telnet sites, online services, and host computers, using either your modem, a null modem cable or Ethernet connection.

Most Cisco devices do not have a graphical Web-based interface by default. You must configure them from the command line using the serial-based console port on the switch or router. While there are a variety of serial terminal emulation programs available, most people use Hyper Terminal to do this because it is included free with Windows.

Hyper Terminal was included in the installation package of earlier versions of Windows till Windows XP but it is now not included in Windows Vista and Windows 7, though telnet is available. Cisco Routers or Switches can be connected and configured through telnet only when some configurations has already been saved through Hyper Terminal, e.g to accept Telnet Connections, setting Vlans etc. 

Though HyperTerminal is not provided in the installation package of Windows Vista or Windows 7 but it is still supported in windows vista and 7 and can be easily used as it is done in windows Xp. 

I show you how to use HyperTerminal in Windows Vista or Windows 7.

Connecting Cisco Router/Switch through Console Port and Troubleshooting

What is Console Port of Cisco Router/Switch

Every Cisco router/switch has a console port on its back. It is there to provide a way to hookup a terminal to the router in order to work on it. The console port (sometimes called the management port) is used by administrators to log into a router directly — that is, without a network connection. The console must be used to install routers onto networks because, of course, at that point there is no network connection to work through.

Connecting the Console Port to a PC

Console (rollover) Cable and Adapters

The console cable can be:

• RJ-45-to-RJ-45 console cable
• RJ-45-to-DB-9 adapter

Making the physical connection

What is Extended Ping

Successfully pinging remote hosts verifies that both the local host (the router in this case) and the remote host are configured correctly. This test is conducted by pinging each host one by one on the LAN.

If a host responds with Destination Unreachable, note which address was not successful and continue to ping the other hosts on the LAN.

Another failure message is Request Timed Out. This indicates that no response was made to the ping attempt in the default time period indicating that network latency may be an issue.